An old, somewhat eerie photograph of an x-ray room that was used often at the Alcatraz prison, known for its maximum-security facilities and historical significance.

Alcatraz Island, located in San Francisco Bay, was developed with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fortification, a military prison, and finally, as a federal prison from 1934 until 1963. During its 29 years of operation by the federal bureau of prisons, Alcatraz was designed to hold prisoners who continuously caused trouble at other federal prisons, essentially making it the last stop for the country's most incorrigible inmates.

Alcatraz gained a notorious reputation due to the harsh conditions caused by the cold, strong currents of the surrounding bay waters, which were assumed to be too treacherous for successful escape attempts. Some of the most famous inmates included notorious criminals like Al Capone and Robert Franklin Stroud, the "Birdman of Alcatraz."

Al Capone, also known as "Scarface," was one o...

Central Ray | perpendicular to the midsagittal plane entering the level of T7

Evaluation Criteria

• Apices and costophrenic angles
• Both lungs and 10 ribs visible above the diaphragm
• Heart on the left side
• Spinous process centered demonstrating no rotation of the body
• Adequate air filling the lungs demonstrated by the dark contrast of the lung field.

Shielding: gonads

IR: 14x17in (35x43cm) Crosswise

SID: 72 inches (183cm)

Breathing: Suspended

The history of the PA view x-ray projection of the chest is a long and fascinating one. The first chest x-rays were taken in the early 1890s, shortly after the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895. These early x-rays were of poor quality and did not provide much information about the internal structures of the chest.

In the early 1900s, a number of improvements were made to x-ray technology, including the development of the grid, which helped to reduce the amount of scattered radiation that reached the film. These impro...

The history of the Crookes tube is a fascinating journey through the world of 19th-century physics, marking significant advancements in our understanding of atomic structure and electromagnetic radiation. Here's an overview:

Invention and Early Development

• 1869-1875: The Crookes tube was developed by Sir William Crookes, an English physicist. It evolved from earlier discharge tubes, notably the Geissler tube, invented in the 1850s.
• Fundamental Design: The tube was a glass vacuum tube with electrodes at either end. When high voltage was applied, the low-pressure air (or other gases) inside the tube would ionize, allowing electricity to flow through the gas, creating a glow.

This represents the traditional design often associated with a Crookes tube, a device invented by William Crookes for studying electrical discharges in gases. While it's not definitively known which type of tube Wilhelm Röntgen used during his X-ray discovery, this model is widely believed to be the one. Th...